A large population requires more water not only for domestic use but also to produce more food. Hence, to facilitate higher food grain production, water resources are being over exploited to expand irrigated areas for dry season agriculture. Irrigated agriculture is the largest consumer of water. Post independent India witnessed intensive industrialization and urbanization, creating vast opportunities for us. Today, large industrial houses are as common place as the industrial units of many MNCs. The ever-increasing number of industries have made matters worse by exerting pressure on existing freshwater resources. Industries, apart from being heavy users of water, also require power to run them. Much of this energy comes from hydroelectric power. Most of these have their own groundwater pumping devices to meet their water needs, which results in fragile water resources being over exploited. This has caused falling ground-water levels in several of these cities.