Motion study: As the name suggests, motion study refers to the study of motion (movements) involved while undertaking a task. This technique aims at removing the unwanted action/motions so that the work can be completed in lesser time. Taylor, along with his associate Frank Gaiberth, observed the motions of a worker and categorised them as productive, incidental and unproductive. They demonstrated that by eliminating the unproductive movements, productivity can be increased. For example, in brick layering, they demonstrated that productivity increased by nearly 4 times by reducing the motions from 18 to 5 .