Scalar chain: Scalar chain is the chain of superiors ranging from highest authority to the lowest level in the organsation.
It states superior-subordinate relationship and authority of superiors in relation to subordinates at various levels. Scalar chain is crucial to ensure unity of command and effective communication in the organisation. It determines the clear line of authority from top to bottom and serves as a chain of command and communication. As per this principle orders or communications should pass through this scalar chain. However in case of emergency Fayol permitted a shortcut in the chain, known as gang plank. Gang plank allows direct communication between two employees of the same level, without following the scalar chain.