CBSE Class 12 Chemistry 2022 Term 2 Delhi Set 3

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Question : 10
Total: 12
Give reasons:
(a) Ammonolysis of alkyl halides is not a good method to prepare pure primary amines.
(b) Aniline does not give Friedel-Crafts reaction.
(c) Although NH2 group is o/p directing in electrophilic substitution reaction, yet aniline on nitration gives good yield of m-nitroaniline.
Solution:  
(i) Ammonolysis of alkyl halides leads to the formation of mixture of primary, secondary, tertiary amines and quaternary salts. It is because every time nucleophilic substitution reaction takes place in which amine acts as a nucleophile and form primary amine which further react and form secondary amine, which again react with the alkyl halide to form the tertiary amine, and further leads to the formation of quaternary salt. Thus, ammonolysis reaction forms a mixture of all the four compounds and it will be difficult to get the pure amine.
RX Alkyl halide
NH3
HX
R
NH2
RX
HX

R2NH
RX
HX
R3
N
RX
R4
+
N
X

(ii) Aniline does not undergo Friedel-Crafts reaction because aniline act as a strong base which reacts with AlCl3 to form salt. Thus, due to the presence of positive charge on N-atom electrophilic substitution is deactivated in benzene ring.

(iii) Nitration is carried out in an acidic medium. In a strongly acidic medium, aniline is protonated to give anilinium ion (which is meta-directing). For this reason, aniline on nitration gives a substantial amount of m-nitroaniline.
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