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Question : 4
Total: 12
Account for the following:
(a)Cu 2 + salts are coloured while Zn 2 + salts are white.
(b)E ∘ value of the Mn 3 + ∕ Mn 2 + couple is much more positive than that for Cr 3 + ∕ Cr 2 + .
(c) Transition metals form alloys
(a)
(b)
(c) Transition metals form alloys
Solution:
(i) Cu 2 + salts are coloured whereas Zn 2 + salts are white because Cu 2 + ( [ Ar ] 3 d 9 ) has one unpaired electron in d -orbital which allows electron transition in visible region which imparts colour whereas Zn 2 + ( [ Ar ] 3 d 10 ) do not possess any unpaired electron hence no electron transition takes place thus shows no colour.
(ii)E ∘ values for Mn 3 + ∕ Mn 2 + couple is much more positive than for Cr 3 + ∕ Cr 2 + because the conversion of Mn 2 + from Mn 3 + possesses extra stability due to half filled valence electronic configuration ( 3 d 5 ) whereas Cr ion changes from Cr 3 + to Cr 2 + undergoes change in outer configuration from 3 d β to 3 d 4 making it less stable comparatively.
(iii) Transition metals have very similar atomic sizes as a result one metal can easily replace the other metal from its lattice to form solid solution (alloy). Transition metals are also miscible with one another in the molten state. Thus, the molten state solution of two or more transition metals on cooling forms alloy.
(ii)
(iii) Transition metals have very similar atomic sizes as a result one metal can easily replace the other metal from its lattice to form solid solution (alloy). Transition metals are also miscible with one another in the molten state. Thus, the molten state solution of two or more transition metals on cooling forms alloy.
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