NCERT Class XI Chemistry Solutions
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Question : 23
Total: 40
Which out of N H 3 and N F 3 has higher dipole moment and why?
Solution:
Both the molecules N H 3 and N F 3 have pyramidal shape with a lone pair of electron on nitrogen atom. Although fluorine is more electronegative than nitrogen, the resultant dipole moment of N H 3 (4.90 × 10 – 30 C m ) is greater than that of N F 3 (0.8 × 10 – 30 C m ). This is because, in case of N H 3 the orbital dipole due to lone pair is in the same direction as the resultant dipole moment of the N - H bonds whereas in N F 3 the orbital dipole is in the direction opposite to the resultant dipole moment of the three N F bonds. The orbital dipole because of lone pair decreases the effect of the resultant N F bond moment which results in low dipole moment of N F 3 as represented below :
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