Anything against the established belief is called heresy and an established belief, which is questioned by only a few is called dogma.
Since the earliest of times, the motion of planets has been the subject of attention for the astronomers. The physical theory for the planetary motion started as a heresy and ended as a dogma.
About 2,000 years ago, Ptolemy proposed the geocentric model for the planetary motion, according to which the stars, the sun and all the planets revolved around the stationary earth. A thousand years later, a Polish monk Nicolas Copernicus proposed heliocentric model for the planetary motion, according to which all the planets along with the earth revolved around the stationary sun. His theory was discredited by the Pope as this concept was considered to be against the religious belief. The Italian scientist Galileo, who supported this theory, was even prosecuted by the state authorities. Today, it is a well settled theory.