This is an easy question and the right answer should be 3. We can arrive at the right quickly by way of elimination. The passage focuses on delinquency and sports participation, suggesting that deviation from delinquency and sports participation is not yet confirmed, as there are many hindrances to arriving at the right conclusion. Option 1 goes out because it says that there is a link, but the link is not yet established Option 2 the direct relationship idea is being doubted in the paragraph, while the option states exactly the opposite. Option 3 is close but the later researches haven't proved anything yet. They have gathered enough evidence that doubts the earlier optimism, without proving that there is no relationship Option 4 aptly sums up the main position of the paragraph, which is statistical data not being enough to infer anything about relationship between sports participation and deviance.