A contrastive pair of words is a pair of words that are the same, except for a contrasting letter/sequence of letters, and a corresponding contrastive speech sound/sequence of speech sounds. Contrastive analysis is the systematic study of a pair of languages with a view to identifying their structural differences and similarities. Historically it has been used toestablish language genealogies. Contrastive analysis includes all fields of linguistics such as phonology, semantics, syntax, morphology and pragmatics