(d) Lawrence Kohlberg's stages of moral development constitute an adaptation of a psychological theory originally conceived by the Swiss psychologist Jean Piaget. At the pre-conventional level (most nine-yearolds and younger, some over nine), individuals don't have a personal code of morality. Instead ,their moral code is shaped by the standards of adults and the consequences of following or breaking their rules.The child/individual is good in order to avoid being punished. If a person is punished, they must have done wrong.