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In monosubstituted benzene derivatives, if the substituent group provides electron density to the ring by its resonance effect, it is always ortho-para directing. The arenes stabilize the arenium ion by +1 and hyperconjugative effect so are also activating and ortho-para directing. If the substituted group withdraws electron density by resonance effect then it is meta directing. In case of disubstituted benzenes, the strongly activating group dominates over weakly activating or deactivating groups in deciding the orientation of major product. There is often little substitution between two groups that are meta to each other due to steric repulsion
PASSAGE-1
In monosubstituted benzene derivatives, if the substituent group provides electron density to the ring by its resonance effect, it is always ortho-para directing. The arenes stabilize the arenium ion by +1 and hyperconjugative effect so are also activating and ortho-para directing. If the substituted group withdraws electron density by resonance effect then it is meta directing. In case of disubstituted benzenes, the strongly activating group dominates over weakly activating or deactivating groups in deciding the orientation of major product. There is often little substitution between two groups that are meta to each other due to steric repulsion
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