Shifting cultivation is a form of agricultural practice or a cultivation system in which an area of ground is cleared of vegetation and cultivated for a few years and then abandoned for a new area until its fertility has been naturally restored.
As per UN report, more than 250 million populations in the world derive subsistence from the practice of shifting cultivation and ecological consequences are often harmful. It has diverse forms, remains a permeate practice of the tropical region.
Shifting cultivation refers to the cyclic cultivation involving the removal and burning of vegetation to create a non-permanent clearing which is followed in forest areas at varying lengths of time.
All the given statements are adverse effects of shifting cultivation.