The correct answer is option 2, i.e. Katabatic wind.
Wind
Characteristics
Diagram
Anabatic wind
● It is caused by the thermal process.
● It occurs over the slopes which are heated by the Sun.
● Air which is in contact with the slopes warms up and expands upward and cools down.
● The air sinks over neighbouring valleys.
● Anabatic winds are usually slow at only 1-2 m/s.
Katabatic wind
● It occurs over slopes which are cooled.
● It occurs when the air is in contact with the sloping ground which is colder as compared with air at the same level away from the hillside.
● It tends to occur at night when the surface is cooling due to lack of heating from the Sun.
● The dense air descends into the valley as the mountain wind.
Fohn wind
● It is a type of dry, warm, down-slope wind.
● It occurs in the downwards side of the mountain range.
● The moisture in the winds condenses while crossing the mountain and precipitates.
● While descending down from the leeward side of the slope the dry air gets warmed up and melts the snow in a short period of time.
● It is also called ‘snow eaters’.
● The term is usually used for the winds on the leeward side of the European Alps.
Land Breeze
● It is a coastal breeze blowing at night.
● It is blowing of air from land to sea.
● It is caused by the differences in the rate of cooling in the respective surfaces of the land and the sea.
○ The land quickly loses its heat during the night while the water retains its warmth.
○ The air over the water is warmer than the air over the land and it begins to rise because of less density.
○ Low pressure will create over the water.
○ Cold and dense air from the land begins to move to the water surface.
Examsnet