Gametophytes of liverworts, mosses, and ferns are independent and so are free-living. Gymnosperms and some ferns are heterosporous, meaning that they have two different types of spores. Sexual reproduction in Fucus, Volvox and Albugo is oogamous meaning they have small flagellated male gamete and large non-flagellated female gamete. The sporophyte of moss is more elaborate than the liverworts. Pinus is monoecious while Marchantia is dioecious.