Mobile phones and smartphones include Lithium-ion battery. Lithium-ion batteries were developed by Akira Yoshino in 1985 . These batteries use an intercalated lithium compound at the positive electrode and graphite at the negative electrode. These batteries have higher energy density and low self discharge, which makes them viable in using them in mobile phones and other portable devices. In 2019, Nobel prize in chemistry was given to John Goodenough, Stanley Whittingham and Akira Yoshino for the development of lithium-ion batteries'.