Action research can be practical— initiated to find an immediate solution to a practical problem; or, participatory—serve as a reflective process of progressive problem solving by individuals working in teams to improve the way they address issues and solve problems. Fundamental research aims to improve scientific theories for improved understanding or prediction of natural or other phenomena. Applied research aims to solve a specific, practical problem of an individual or group. Evaluation research is used as a specific research methodology, or, as an assessment process for evaluative purposes.