(d) Sarva Siksha Abhiyan, started in 2003, is an Indian Government programme aimed at the universalisation of elementary education in a time bound manner. Sakshar Bharat programme,started in 2009 to create a literate society through a variety of teaching and learning programmes for no literate and neo- literate of 15 years or above. Operation Blackboard started in 1987 to supply the bare minimum crucial facilities to all primary schools in the country.National literacy mission started in 1988, it aims to educate 80 million adults in the age group of 15–35 over an eighty-year period.