Constitutional safeguards available to the Civil Servants are ensured by Article 311. The main purpose of Article 311 of the Constitution is to protect the Government servants from the whims and arbitrary orders of the executive and officer classes. Article 311 recognises two exceptions to the well-established Doctrine of Pleasure as enshrined in Article 310 of the Constitution of India. These two conditions are as follows: (i) that such an employee shall not be dismissed or removed by the authority subordinate to that by which he was appointed [Article 311 (a)]; and (ii) No such person as aforesaid shall be dismissed or removed or reduced in rank except after an inquiry in which he has been informed of the charge against him and given a reasonable opportunity of being heard in respect of those charges.