A Stupa is a dome-shaped sacred burial mound of brick that was used to house Buddha's relics, It is used to commemorate significant facts and events related to Buddhism .
Sanchi, Sarnath, Amaravati, and Bharhut are among the oldest known stupas.
Characteristics of Stupas Initially, mounds of Earth are encased in bricks.
Stupas are usually built on a foundation laid with blocks of stone or bricks .
On this foundation, a hemispherical dome was raised called Anda .
Hence pair 1 is correctly matched.
The drum of the stupa became more elongated and elevated .
It took the form of a cylindrical vessel.
On the truncated top of the hemisphere, a harmika is placed , surrounded by a railing.
Hence pair 2 is not correctly matched.
The stupa is enclosed by a vedika .
At Barhut, Sanchi, and Amaravati the vedika consisted of upright pillars with three transverse bars known as the suchi .
The railing is provided with four gateways.
A path of circumambulation runs around the stupa at the ground level within the railing called Pradakshinapath .
Toranas were ceremonial gateways around the stupas.
Hence pair 3 is not correctly matched.