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DIRECTIONS (Qs. 44-46) : On the basis of the information given in the following case.
Ethical – A person is called unethical, when he deviates from principles. The principles and their use is often guided by two definitions:
Morals : Society's code for individual survival
Ethics : An individual's code for society survival
Naresh was a small time civil contractor in a small city. His major clients were the residents who wanted ad-hoc work like painting, building repairs, building extensions to be done. His just prices had made him a preferred contractor for most of the clients who preferred him over other civil contractors. Always he followed the principle that client had to be kept happy – only by doing so if would be a win-win situation for both. However due to the unpredictability of such orders from residents, Naresh used to be idle for substantial part of the year. As a consequence, he could not expand his business.
His two children were growing up and his existing business could not support their expenses. The medical expense of his elderly parents was another drain on his resources. The constant rise of prices in medical care and medicines was another issue. For Naresh, family's concern was predominant. Naresh was, therefore, under pressure to expand his business. He was the sole earning member of his family, and he had to ensure their well-being. He thought that by expanding his business, not only he would be able care for his family in a better way, as well as offer employment to more number of masons and labourers. That would benefit their families as well. Naresh drew the boundary of his society to include himself, his family members, his employees and their family members.
For expansion, the only option in the city was to enlist as a contractor for government work. Before deciding, he sought advice from another contractor, Srikumar, who had been working on government projects for a long period of time. Srikumar followed the principle of always helping others, because he believed that he would be helped back in return some day. Srikumar had just one advice "The work is given to those who will win the bidding process and at the same time will give the maximum bribe. Prices quoted for work have to include bribes, else in bills will not get cleared and the supervisors will find multiple faults with the execution of work. This ensures survival and prosperity for contractors".
When asked about other contractors, Srikumar said "The government contractors are like a micro-society in themselves, almost like a brotherhood. Within that, they are highly competitive, however towards any external threat they are united to ensure no harm happens to any of their members."
Ethical – A person is called unethical, when he deviates from principles. The principles and their use is often guided by two definitions:
Morals : Society's code for individual survival
Ethics : An individual's code for society survival
Naresh was a small time civil contractor in a small city. His major clients were the residents who wanted ad-hoc work like painting, building repairs, building extensions to be done. His just prices had made him a preferred contractor for most of the clients who preferred him over other civil contractors. Always he followed the principle that client had to be kept happy – only by doing so if would be a win-win situation for both. However due to the unpredictability of such orders from residents, Naresh used to be idle for substantial part of the year. As a consequence, he could not expand his business.
His two children were growing up and his existing business could not support their expenses. The medical expense of his elderly parents was another drain on his resources. The constant rise of prices in medical care and medicines was another issue. For Naresh, family's concern was predominant. Naresh was, therefore, under pressure to expand his business. He was the sole earning member of his family, and he had to ensure their well-being. He thought that by expanding his business, not only he would be able care for his family in a better way, as well as offer employment to more number of masons and labourers. That would benefit their families as well. Naresh drew the boundary of his society to include himself, his family members, his employees and their family members.
For expansion, the only option in the city was to enlist as a contractor for government work. Before deciding, he sought advice from another contractor, Srikumar, who had been working on government projects for a long period of time. Srikumar followed the principle of always helping others, because he believed that he would be helped back in return some day. Srikumar had just one advice "The work is given to those who will win the bidding process and at the same time will give the maximum bribe. Prices quoted for work have to include bribes, else in bills will not get cleared and the supervisors will find multiple faults with the execution of work. This ensures survival and prosperity for contractors".
When asked about other contractors, Srikumar said "The government contractors are like a micro-society in themselves, almost like a brotherhood. Within that, they are highly competitive, however towards any external threat they are united to ensure no harm happens to any of their members."
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