Time Study: Time study is an observational study pioneered by Frederick Taylor. These studies determine the optimal time taken by a worker to complete certain tasks in a job using stopwatches. These studies then records, analyses and synthesisesthe time and elements of any operation and determines factors that cause fatigue for workers and factors that lead to unavoidable and personal delays. These studies are usually used for all or any one of the following:
(i) Jobs that have repetitive work cycles of short to long duration.

(ii) Jobs of wide variety of dissimilar work.
(iii) Jobs with process control elements, which constitute a part of the cycle.
Accordingly, time studies attempt to include the following operations :
(i) Sub-division of work.
(ii) Recording the time taken by different employees to complete a task.
(iii) Selecting the average worker.
(iv) Recording the time taken by the average worker in performing the same work under normal conditions.
(v) Determining the standard time for the work.