Motion Study: Motion studies were developed by Frank and Lillian Gilbreth as an engineering and management technique. They maintained visual records (or movies) on the details of the workers' activities to recognise possible areas of improvement during work. Motion study is based on the phrase "work smarter, not harder". It is the study of body motions used while working with the intention of improving the work methods. The principles laid down by the Gilbreths can be categorised into three major components.
(i) Use of human body: Principles under use of human body, implies suitable techniques in bodily movements workers could consider in a working environment that ensures personal safety, no injuries and increased productivity.
(ii) Arrangement of workplace: Arrangement of workplace implies that all tools, machines and equipment should be arranged suitably to make working conditions comfortable.
(iii) Design of tools and equipment: Design of tools and equipment should make work more feasible and efficient for workers.