Systems of Particles and Rotational Motion

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Question : 25
Total: 33
Two discs of moments of inertia I1andI2 about their respective axes (normal to the disc and passing through the centre), and rotating with angular speeds ω1andω2 are brought into contact face to face with their axes of rotation coincident. Calculate (a) What is the angular speed of the two-disc system? (b) Show that the kinetic energy of the combined system is less than the sum of the initial kinetic energies of the two discs. How do you account for this loss in energy? Take ω1ω2.
Solution:  
Let I1andI2 be the moments of inertia of two discs have angular speed ω1andω2. When they are brought in contact, the M.I. of the two discs system will be I1+I2.
Let ω = angular speed of the combined system.
(a) ∴ total initial angular momentum of the two discs,
L1=I1ω1+I2ω2
Total final angular momentum of the combined system,
L2=(I1+I2)ω
From the law of conservation of angular momentum,
L2=L1or (I1+I2)ω=I1ω1+I2ω2
or ω=
I1ω1+I2ω2
I1+I2
.
.
.(i)

(b) Initial K.E. of the two disc,
K1=
1
2
I1
ω12
+
1
2
I2
ω22
.
.
.(ii)

Final K.E. of the combined system,
K2=
1
2
(I1+I2)
ω2
.
.
.(iii)

∴ From (i) and (iii), we get
K2=
1
2
(I1+I2)
(
I1ω1+I2ω2
I1+I2
)
2

K2=
1
2
(I1ω1+I2ω2)2
I1+I22
.
.
.(iv)

Eqn. (ii) – eqn. (iv) gives,
K1K2=
1
2
I1
ω12
+
1
2
I2
ω22
1
2
(I1ω1+I2ω2 )2
I1+I2
=
1
2 (I1+I2)
[(I1ω12+I2ω22) (I1+I2)(I1ω1+I2ω2)2]
=
1
2 (I1+I2)
[(I12ω12+I22ω22+I2I1ω22+I1I2ω12I12ω12I22ω222I1I2ω1ω2
=
I1I2
2(I1+I2 )
(ω12+ω222ω1ω2)

=
I1I2
2(I1+I2)
(ω1ω2 )2

which is a positive quantity i.e. >0
Hence, K1K2>0orK1>K2
or K2<K1 i.e. rotational K.E. of the combined system is less than the sum of the initial energies of the two discs.
Hence there occurs a loss of K.E. on combining the two discs and is the dissipation of energy because of the frictional forces between the faces of the two discs. These forces bring about a common angular speed of the two discs on combining. This however is an internal loss and angular momentum remains conserved.
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