Systems of Particles and Rotational Motion
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Question : 25
Total: 33
Two discs of moments of inertia I 1 and I 2 about their respective axes (normal to the disc and passing through the centre), and rotating with angular speeds ω 1 and ω 2 are brought into contact face to face with their axes of rotation coincident. Calculate (a) What is the angular speed of the two-disc system? (b) Show that the kinetic energy of the combined system is less than the sum of the initial kinetic energies of the two discs. How do you account for this loss in energy? Take ω 1 ≠ ω 2.
Solution:
Let I 1 and I 2 be the moments of inertia of two discs have angular speed ω 1 and ω 2 . When they are brought in contact, the M.I. of the two discs system will be I 1 + I 2 .
Letω = angular speed of the combined system.
(a) ∴ total initial angular momentum of the two discs,
L 1 = I 1 ω 1 + I 2 ω 2
Total final angular momentum of the combined system,
L 2 = ( I 1 + I 2 ) ω
From the law of conservation of angular momentum,
L 2 = L 1 or ( I 1 + I 2 ) ω = I 1 ω 1 + I 2 ω 2
orω =
. . . ( i )
(b) Initial K.E. of the two disc,
K 1 =
I 1 ω 1 2 +
I 2 ω 2 2 . . . ( i i )
Final K.E. of the combined system,
K 2 =
( I 1 + I 2 ) ω 2 . . . ( i i i )
∴ From (i) and (iii), we get
K 2 =
( I 1 + I 2 ) (
) 2
K 2 =
. . . ( i v )
Eqn. (ii) – eqn. (iv) gives,
K 1 − K 2 =
I 1 ω 1 2 +
I 2 ω 2 2 −
=
[ ( I 1 ω 1 2 + I 2 ω 2 2 ) ( I 1 + I 2 ) − ( I 1 ω 1 + I 2 ω 2 ) 2 ] =
[ ( I 1 2 ω 1 2 + I 2 2 ω 2 2 + I 2 I 1 ω 2 2 + I 1 I 2 ω 1 2 − I 1 2 ω 1 2 − I 2 2 ω 2 2 − 2 I 1 I 2 ω 1 ω 2 =
( ω 1 2 + ω 2 2 − 2 ω 1 ω 2 )
=
( ω 1 − ω 2 ) 2
which is a positive quantity i.e.> 0
Hence,K 1 – K 2 > 0 o r K 1 > K 2
orK 2 < K 1 i.e. rotational K.E. of the combined system is less than the sum of the initial energies of the two discs.
Hence there occurs a loss of K.E. on combining the two discs and is the dissipation of energy because of the frictional forces between the faces of the two discs. These forces bring about a common angular speed of the two discs on combining. This however is an internal loss and angular momentum remains conserved.
Let
(a) ∴ total initial angular momentum of the two discs,
Total final angular momentum of the combined system,
From the law of conservation of angular momentum,
or
(b) Initial K.E. of the two disc,
Final K.E. of the combined system,
∴ From (i) and (iii), we get
Eqn. (ii) – eqn. (iv) gives,
which is a positive quantity i.e.
Hence,
or
Hence there occurs a loss of K.E. on combining the two discs and is the dissipation of energy because of the frictional forces between the faces of the two discs. These forces bring about a common angular speed of the two discs on combining. This however is an internal loss and angular momentum remains conserved.
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