Anions of the acids HNO3,H3PO4 and H2SO4are NO3−,PO43− and SO42− respectively. Their structures can be explained as follows: NO3− has planar structure. It has nitrogen as a central atom without lone pair, which is bonded to three oxygen atoms. Its hybridisation can be predicted by
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[V+M−C+A] Where V= number of valence electrons M= number of monovalent ion C= cationic charge A= anionic charge ∴ Hybridisation =
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[5+0−0+1]=3
PO43− has tetrahedral structure. It has phosphorus as a central atom without lone pair which is bonded to four oxygen atoms. Its hybridisation can be predicted as
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[5+0−0+3]=3
SO42− has tetrahedral structure. It has phosphorus as a central atom without lone pair which is bonded to four oxygen atoms. Its hybridisation can be predicted as 12[6+0−0+2]=4