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Question Numbers: 91-99
Read the passage given below and answer the questions/complete the statements by choosing the best options from the ones that follow.
1. Artificial Intelligence (AI), sometimes called machine intelligence, is intelligence demonstrated by machines, in contrast to the natural intelligence of humans and other animals. In computer science AI research is defined as the study of 'intelligent agents' - any device that perceives its environment and takes action that maximizes its chance of successfully achieving its goals.
2. Colloquially, the term 'artificial intelligence' is applied when a machine mimics 'cognitive' functions that humans associate with other human minds, such as 'learning' and 'problem solving'.
3. The scope of AI is disputed: as machines become increasingly capable, tasks considered as requiring intelligence are often removed from the definition, a phenomenon known as the AI effect, leading to the quip, "AI is whatever hasn't been done yet".
4. Artificial intelligence was founded as an academic discipline in 1956, and in the years since has experienced several waves of optimism, followed by disappointment and the loss of funding (known as an AI winter) followed by new approaches, success and renewed funding. For most of the history, AI research has been divided into subfields that often fail to communicate with each other. These sub-fields are often based on technical considerations (e.g. robotics or machine learning), the use of particular tools e.g. logic or deep philosophical differences. Sub-fields have often been based on social factors.
5. The traditional problems or goals of AI research include reasoning, knowledge representation, planning, learning, perception and ability to move and manipulate objects. General intelligence is among the field's long term goals. The AI field draws upon computer science, mathematics, psychology, linguistics, philosophy and many others.
Read the passage given below and answer the questions/complete the statements by choosing the best options from the ones that follow.
1. Artificial Intelligence (AI), sometimes called machine intelligence, is intelligence demonstrated by machines, in contrast to the natural intelligence of humans and other animals. In computer science AI research is defined as the study of 'intelligent agents' - any device that perceives its environment and takes action that maximizes its chance of successfully achieving its goals.
2. Colloquially, the term 'artificial intelligence' is applied when a machine mimics 'cognitive' functions that humans associate with other human minds, such as 'learning' and 'problem solving'.
3. The scope of AI is disputed: as machines become increasingly capable, tasks considered as requiring intelligence are often removed from the definition, a phenomenon known as the AI effect, leading to the quip, "AI is whatever hasn't been done yet".
4. Artificial intelligence was founded as an academic discipline in 1956, and in the years since has experienced several waves of optimism, followed by disappointment and the loss of funding (known as an AI winter) followed by new approaches, success and renewed funding. For most of the history, AI research has been divided into subfields that often fail to communicate with each other. These sub-fields are often based on technical considerations (e.g. robotics or machine learning), the use of particular tools e.g. logic or deep philosophical differences. Sub-fields have often been based on social factors.
5. The traditional problems or goals of AI research include reasoning, knowledge representation, planning, learning, perception and ability to move and manipulate objects. General intelligence is among the field's long term goals. The AI field draws upon computer science, mathematics, psychology, linguistics, philosophy and many others.
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