Concept:A cooperative is a voluntary association where members pool resources and make decisions democratically. This structure gives small producers more bargaining power and helps them get fair prices.
Explanation:- In subcontracting, a larger firm hires external parties for tasks. The firm focuses on cutting costs, so small producers often get low prices and unfair wages.
- Outsourcing involves hiring third parties for business activities. Again, the main goal is cost reduction, which can lead to exploitation and poor compensation for workers.
- Putting-out system (domestic system) has a central firm distribute raw materials to home‑based workers. The firm controls pricing and takes most profits, leaving workers with minimal earnings.
- In a cooperative, small producers work together collectively. They share resources, reduce costs, and negotiate as a group. Democratic decision‑making ensures that everyone’s interests are protected. This system directly helps members achieve a fair price for their products.
Answer:D. Cooperative