Concept:Language assessment measures a learner’s ability to use a language effectively in real-life situations, known as proficiency.
Explanation:Language proficiency focuses on functional use across listening, speaking, reading, and writing.
It goes beyond memorization and textbook knowledge.
In contrast, language achievement measures performance on specific course content.
Comparing learners to peers is norm-referenced, not a direct measure of ability.
Summative achievement captures final outcomes but may not reflect practical language use.
Thus, the primary aim of language assessment is to evaluate language proficiency.
Answer:The language proficiency of learners (Option B).