Concept:Both Jean Piaget and Lev Vygotsky believed that children actively construct their own understanding of the world.
Explanation:Piaget saw children as "little scientists" who build knowledge by exploring and interacting with their environment.
Vygotsky emphasized that children co-construct knowledge through social interactions and cultural tools.
Despite their different views on how development happens, both theorists agreed that children are not passive receivers of information.
Instead, children actively make sense of new experiences, ask questions, and connect new ideas to what they already know.
This shared idea is called "meaning making."
Option A (language influences thought) is more about linguistic determinism — not a core shared belief.
Option B (culture affects learning) is central to Vygotsky but not to Piaget, who focused on universal stages.
Option C (stage-like progression) only matches Piaget — Vygotsky rejected fixed stages.
Only option D captures the common ground between both theorists.
Answer:D. children are involved in the process of meaning making.