Concept:At the foundational stage (early childhood), learning outcomes should be continuously monitored through formative assessments, not just summative ones. Summative assessment (e.g., end-of-term tests) is least appropriate because it does not provide ongoing feedback to support young learners’ step-by-step skill development.
Explanation:Options A, B, and C are all appropriate practices at the foundational stage:
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A: Explicit, measurable outcomes give clear direction and help track progress toward competency.
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B: Real-life activities make abstract concepts meaningful and strengthen learning.
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C: Requiring proficiency before advancing prevents learning gaps and builds a strong foundation.
Option D is
least appropriate because relying
primarily on summative assessment (e.g., final exams) ignores the need for regular, formative checks. Foundational learning requires ongoing observation, feedback, and adjustment—not just end-of-unit evaluation.
Answer:D. Primarily summative assessment is used to assess the skills or concepts developed at each level.