Non-pipeline Clock frequency =2.5GHz Cycle time =
1
2.5GHz
=0.4ns Given, CPI=5 So, ET non-pipe =CPI× Cycle time =5×0.4ns=2ns Pipeline: Clock frequency =24GHz Cycle time =
1
2GHz
=0.5ns
∴ Number of stalls/instruction =0.3×0.05×50+0.1*0.5×2 =0.85 Avg. instruction ETpipe =(1+ No. of stall instruction) * cycle time =(1+0.85)×0.5ns=0.925ns S=