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DIRECTIONS (Qs. 67-76):
Read the following passage and answer the questions as directed.
Air pollution is choking several cities in the northern States once again, as changes in temperature and slowing winds trap soot, dust and fine particulate matter. The National Capital Region is badly hit, as the burning of agricultural residue in Punjab and Haryana is releasing large volumes of smoke containing, among other pollutants, highly damaging fine particulates, or PM2.5. The problem is (A) by the burning of urban waste, diesel soot, vehicular exhaust, road and construction dust, and power generation. Although India has nine of the 10 most polluted cities in the world, it has not taken consistent action on pollution. (B) Tens of millions live with ambient air quality that is well short of even the relaxed parameters the country has set for fine particulates, compared with that of the World Health Organisation. India should at least now give high importance to the WHO warning about air pollution being the new tobacco. (C) This year's prevailing (1) air quality rating for Delhi and poor (2) conditions severe (3) in other cities in the Indo-Gangetic Plain should compel a decisive (4) shift in policy. The Centre and the State governments need to get into crisis mode to dramatically reduce emissions. (D) _______, which is a direct source, and emissions with oxides of nitrogen and sulphur from vehicles that turn into fine particulates through atmospheric reactions. Failure to take sustainable and urgent measures will (E) longterm harm on public health, affecting children even more by putting them at higher risk for diseases.
The UN Environment Programme's recent report titled 'Air Pollution in Asia and the Pacific: Science-Based Solutions' has sounded a warning, pointing out that only 8% of the population in the countries of the region get to breathe air of acceptable quality. One study of degradation of Delhi's air over a 10-year period beginning 2000 (F) exhibited premature mortality to have risen by as much as 60%. With the steady growth in the population of the capital and other cities, the trauma is set to worsen. (G) An innovative approach could be to use climate change funds to turn farm residues into a resource, using technological options such as converting them into biofuels and fertilizers. (H) From an urban mobility (1) perspective, large cities should reorient their investments (2) to prioritise public transport, favouring (3) electric development (4). (I) The World Bank has said it is keen to enhance its lending portfolio to tackle air pollution, opening a new avenue for this. Governments should make the use of personal vehicles in cities less attractive through strict road pricing mechanisms. Sharply escalated, (J) ______ parking fees can be implemented. If governments delay action on the critical issue of pollution control, public pressure must force them to act.
Read the following passage and answer the questions as directed.
Air pollution is choking several cities in the northern States once again, as changes in temperature and slowing winds trap soot, dust and fine particulate matter. The National Capital Region is badly hit, as the burning of agricultural residue in Punjab and Haryana is releasing large volumes of smoke containing, among other pollutants, highly damaging fine particulates, or PM2.5. The problem is (A) by the burning of urban waste, diesel soot, vehicular exhaust, road and construction dust, and power generation. Although India has nine of the 10 most polluted cities in the world, it has not taken consistent action on pollution. (B) Tens of millions live with ambient air quality that is well short of even the relaxed parameters the country has set for fine particulates, compared with that of the World Health Organisation. India should at least now give high importance to the WHO warning about air pollution being the new tobacco. (C) This year's prevailing (1) air quality rating for Delhi and poor (2) conditions severe (3) in other cities in the Indo-Gangetic Plain should compel a decisive (4) shift in policy. The Centre and the State governments need to get into crisis mode to dramatically reduce emissions. (D) _______, which is a direct source, and emissions with oxides of nitrogen and sulphur from vehicles that turn into fine particulates through atmospheric reactions. Failure to take sustainable and urgent measures will (E) longterm harm on public health, affecting children even more by putting them at higher risk for diseases.
The UN Environment Programme's recent report titled 'Air Pollution in Asia and the Pacific: Science-Based Solutions' has sounded a warning, pointing out that only 8% of the population in the countries of the region get to breathe air of acceptable quality. One study of degradation of Delhi's air over a 10-year period beginning 2000 (F) exhibited premature mortality to have risen by as much as 60%. With the steady growth in the population of the capital and other cities, the trauma is set to worsen. (G) An innovative approach could be to use climate change funds to turn farm residues into a resource, using technological options such as converting them into biofuels and fertilizers. (H) From an urban mobility (1) perspective, large cities should reorient their investments (2) to prioritise public transport, favouring (3) electric development (4). (I) The World Bank has said it is keen to enhance its lending portfolio to tackle air pollution, opening a new avenue for this. Governments should make the use of personal vehicles in cities less attractive through strict road pricing mechanisms. Sharply escalated, (J) ______ parking fees can be implemented. If governments delay action on the critical issue of pollution control, public pressure must force them to act.
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