(i) All copies are books → UniversalAffirmative (A–type). (ii) Some pens are scales → ParticularAffirmative (I–type). (iii) No book is a pencil → UniversalNegative (E–type). (iv) Some books are not pencils →Particular Negative (O–type). All the three Premises areParticular Affirmative (I–type). No Conclusion follows from thetwo Particular Premises. (1) Conclusion I and ConclusionII form ComplementaryPair. Therefore, either ConclusionI or Conclusion II follows.