(i) All copies are books → UniversalAffirmative (A–type). (ii) Some pens are scales → ParticularAffirmative (I–type). (iii) No book is a pencil → UniversalNegative (E–type). (iv) Some books are not pencils →Particular Negative (O–type). All the three Premises areParticular Affirmative (I–type). No Conclusion follows from thetwo Particular Premises. (5)Venn diagrams of “Somecalculators are pens” :