(d) Total students = 290. At least 80 students study neither Spanish nor Mandarin. ∴No. of students who study Spanish or Mandarin or both = 290 – 80 = 210. ∴ n(S ∪ M) = n(S) + n (M) – n(S ∩ M) ⇒ 210 = 120 +100 – n(S ∩ M) ⇒ n(S ∩ M) = 10 ∴ Number of students who study Spanish but not Mandarin = 120 – 10 = 110. As 110 is given in option D, hence it is the answer.