Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers Part 2

Concept:The Reimer–Tiemann reaction converts phenol into hydroxybenzaldehydes using $\mathrm{CHCl_3}$ and aqueous $\mathrm{KOH}$, with ortho substitution being major.Chemical Equation / Formula:$\mathrm{C_6H_5OH + CHCl_3 + 3KOH \xrightarrow{\Delta} \text{o-hydroxybenzaldehyde} + \text{p-hydroxybenzaldehyde} + \text{byproducts}}$Explanation:In this reaction, dichlorocarbene ($\mathrm{:\!CCl_2}$) attacks the phenoxide ion, forming an intermediate that favors ortho attack due to chelate stabilization.Hence, the major product is o‑hydroxybenzaldehyde (salicylaldehyde) and the minor is p‑hydroxybenzaldehyde, making Statement I false.o‑Hydroxybenzaldehyde exhibits intramolecular hydrogen bonding, which makes it volatile and easily carried over by steam.p‑Hydroxybenzaldehyde forms intermolecular hydrogen bonds, so it is non‑volatile and remains in the flask.Therefore, the two isomers can be separated by steam distillation, making Statement II true.Shortcut:In Reimer–Tiemann, ortho is major; intramolecular H‑bond makes ortho steam‑volatile, enabling easy separation.Answer:Option D: Statement I is false but Statement II is true.