Neanderthal man It existed between 1,00,000 and 40,000 years ago. They were short and stocky, had heavy eyebrows, retreating foreheads, large jaws with heavy teeth, lumbering gait and stooped posture. They had large brains of about 1400 cubic centimetres, but the frontal lobe of the brain responsible for thinking was flattened. Their tools were more advanced, and they used it for scraping the hides which they used as their clothing. They used to bury the dead bodies.