Iodoform test is given by those compounds which has methyl ketone moiety. Hence, P is acetone.
CH3−
O
||
C
−CH3
Acetone
(P)
I2/NaOH
────────>
CH3COONa
Sodium acetate
+
CHI3
Iodoform
Fehling's solution gives red precipitate with aliphatic aldehydes. So, R is acetaldehyde.
CH3−CHO
Acetaldehyde
+
2Cu2++OH−
╰────▾─────╯
Fehling's solution
→
CH3COOH
Acetic acid
+
Cu2O
Cuprousoxide
(Red ppt.)
Tollen's test is given by aldehydes, aromatic aldehydes and α-hydroxy ketones. So, Q is benzaldehyde.
The remaining compound S did not give any test. So, it is diethyl ketone. Therefore, P= Acetone, Q= Benzaldehyde, R= Acetaldehyde and S= Diethyl ketone