The production of a new organism from a single parent without the involvement of sex cells (or gametes) is called asexual reproduction.
Asexual reproduction takes place by six different methods.
These are :
Fission
Budding
Spore formation
Regeneration
Fragmentation
Vegetative propagation
Spore formation
In spore formation, the parent plant produces hundreds of microscopic reproductive units called ‘spores’.
When the spore case of the plant bursts, then the spores spread into the air.
When these airborne spores land on food (or soil) under favorable conditions (like damp and warm conditions), they germinate and produce new plants.
Most of the fungi (like Rhizopus, Mucor, etc.), bacteria, and non-flowering plants such as ferns and mosses reproduce by the method of spore formation.