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Although the Cold War was the dominant feature of the post-1945 world, another momentous change in the international system took place concurrently: the end of Europe’s five-century-long domination of the non-European world. Approximately one hundred new sovereign states emerged from the wreckage of European colonialism, and Cold War competition was promptly extended to many of these new states. The Vietnam War was the legacy of France’s failure to suppress nationalist forces in Indo-China as it struggled to restore its colonial dominion after World War II. Led by Ho Chi Minh, a Communist-dominated revolutionary movement the Viet Minh waged a political and military struggle for Vietnamese independence that frustrated the efforts of the French and resulted ultimately in their ouster from the region. Vietnam had gained its independence from France in 1954. The country was divided into North and South. The North had a Communist government led by Ho Chi Minh. The South had an anti-Communist government led by Ngo Dinh Diem. The Communist victory in the Chinese Civil War in 1949 and Chinese intervention against the United Nations in Korea made US-China policy a captive of Cold War politics. Those events also helped to transform American anti-colonialism into support for the French protectorates in Indo-China, and later for their non-Communist successors. American political and military leaders viewed the Vietnam War as the Chinese doctrine of revolutionary warfare in action (using Chinese and Soviet arms, to boot). The overarching geopolitical aim behind the United States’ involvement in Vietnam was to contain the spread of Communism in South-East Asia. To accomplish this aim, the United States supported an anti-Communist regime known as the Republic of Vietnam (South Vietnam) in its fight against a Communist take-over. South Vietnam faced a serious, dual-tracked threat: a communist-led revolutionary insurgency within its own orders and the military power of its Communist neighbour and rival, the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (North Vietnam). Preventing South Vietnam from falling to the Communists ultimately led the United States to fight a major regional war in South-East Asia.
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Although the Cold War was the dominant feature of the post-1945 world, another momentous change in the international system took place concurrently: the end of Europe’s five-century-long domination of the non-European world. Approximately one hundred new sovereign states emerged from the wreckage of European colonialism, and Cold War competition was promptly extended to many of these new states. The Vietnam War was the legacy of France’s failure to suppress nationalist forces in Indo-China as it struggled to restore its colonial dominion after World War II. Led by Ho Chi Minh, a Communist-dominated revolutionary movement the Viet Minh waged a political and military struggle for Vietnamese independence that frustrated the efforts of the French and resulted ultimately in their ouster from the region. Vietnam had gained its independence from France in 1954. The country was divided into North and South. The North had a Communist government led by Ho Chi Minh. The South had an anti-Communist government led by Ngo Dinh Diem. The Communist victory in the Chinese Civil War in 1949 and Chinese intervention against the United Nations in Korea made US-China policy a captive of Cold War politics. Those events also helped to transform American anti-colonialism into support for the French protectorates in Indo-China, and later for their non-Communist successors. American political and military leaders viewed the Vietnam War as the Chinese doctrine of revolutionary warfare in action (using Chinese and Soviet arms, to boot). The overarching geopolitical aim behind the United States’ involvement in Vietnam was to contain the spread of Communism in South-East Asia. To accomplish this aim, the United States supported an anti-Communist regime known as the Republic of Vietnam (South Vietnam) in its fight against a Communist take-over. South Vietnam faced a serious, dual-tracked threat: a communist-led revolutionary insurgency within its own orders and the military power of its Communist neighbour and rival, the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (North Vietnam). Preventing South Vietnam from falling to the Communists ultimately led the United States to fight a major regional war in South-East Asia.
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