Mass Communication and Journalism 2015 Solved Paper

Read the given passages very carefully and then choose the most suitable option of the questions that follow.
The implicit rationale for the philosophical foundation of the intellectual property rights system in India is embodied in three underlying objectives. First, it seeks to strike a balance between the interests of producers on the one hand and consumers on the other, that is, those who develop the scientific knowledge or innovate and those who use the goods or services derived there from. Needless to say, every country attempts the same, but where the balance is reached depends on the level of development. The levels of income in the economy and the stage of development in the society are thus, particularly important in this context.
The logic of exclusions from patentability follows from this objective. Methods of horticulture and agriculture, as also food, are excluded because such a large proportion of the population is dependent on agriculture of a livelihood and the purchasing power of the poor even for food is limited, while drugs and medicines are excluded because millions do not have access to basic health care.
Based on Memory Second, it endeavours to ensure rewards for the owners of knowledge or the innovators but, at the same time, aims to place a limitation on the monopoly profits or the quasi-rents which may be appropriated by the entity that commercialises the technology or transforms the scientific knowledge into a marketable products. This is the logic of compulsory licensing.
There are two underlying principles set out in the Patents Act: patents are granted to encourage inventions and to secure that the inventions are worked in India and patents are not granted merely to enable patentees to enjoy a monopoly for the importation of the patented article.
Third, it attempts to create an environment which is conducive for the diffusion of existing technologies and the development of new technologies, in so far as technology is a basic determination of development in a society that is a late-comer to industrialisation. The patentability of process alone, but not products, in some sectors and the reduced form of protection for patents derives from this objective.