National emergency can be declared on the basis of War, external aggression or armed rebellion in the whole of India or a part of its territory. Such an emergency was declared in India in 1962 (China war), 1971 (Pakistan war), and 1975 (declared by Indira Gandhi). The President can declare such an emergency only on the basis of a written request by the Cabinet headed by the Prime Minister. Such a proclamation must be laid before both houses of Parliament, and the state of emergency expires after one month unless approved within that time by both houses sitting and voting separately. Declaring national emergency on grounds of internal disturbance was amended by the 44 th Constitutional amendment of 1978 and now it cannot be declared based on internal disturbance.