Benchmarking is a management tool through which a plan for evaluation, measurement, and improvement is implemented. It is the process of comparing the business processes and performance metrics including cost, cycle time, productivity, and/or quality to another that is widely considered to be an industry standard benchmark or best practice. The objective of Benchmarking is to determine (1) what and where improvements are called for, (2) how other firms achieve their high performance levels, and (3) how to use this information to improve the firm's performance. Option D process analysis is a tool and technique of the quality assurance process which involves following steps in the quality improvement plan to identify needed improvements. Please refer PMBOK® Guide - Fifth Edition Project Quality Management PN 239 for more details.