Explanation: Almost all soil is derived from the disintegration of rocks. Disintegrated materials also known as sediments. All the soils are mainly divided into two parts- 1). Residual Soil: If Disintegrated materials remain over the parent rock then the soil is called Residual soil. Characteristics of residual soil depend on climatic conditions, natural drainage pattern, form, and extent of vegetation cover. Example- Bentoniteisa type of chemically weathered volcanic ash that is present on the parent rock from which it is formed.
2. Transported soil: If sediments are transported and deposited at other places then it is called transported soil. Sediments are transported by winds, water, glacier, etc. Some transported soils are- ● Alluvial – transported in running water (rivers) ● Lacustrine – Deposited by still water (lakes) ● Marine – Deposited by seawater ● Aeolian – Transported by wind ● Glacial – Transported by ice ● Colluvial –Transported by gravity