East India Association: established by some Indian students in London on 1 October, 1866 on initiative of Dadabhai Naoroji; Poona Sarvajanik Sabha: founded in 1870 by S. H. Chiplunkar, Ganesh Vasudeo Joshi, Mahadev Govind Ranade; Madras Mahajan Sabha: established by S. Ramaswami Mudaliar and P. Anandacharlu in 1884; Bombay Presidency Association: and Justice Telang founded the Bombay Presidency Association in 1885.