UPSC CDS 2 2021 Math Paper

Concept:The percentage increase in production is calculated as the increase from the previous year divided by the previous year’s total, multiplied by 100.Explanation:Total production in 2014 is $300 + 200 + 500 = 1000$.In 2015 it is $400 + 300 + 500 = 1200$.Increase from 2014 to 2015 is $200$, so percentage increase is $\frac{200}{1000} \times 100 = 20\%$.In 2016 total is $500 + 400 + 600 = 1500$.Increase from 2015 to 2016 is $300$, so percentage is $\frac{300}{1200} \times 100 = 25\%$.In 2017 total is $600 + 500 + 700 = 1800$.Increase from 2016 to 2017 is $300$, so percentage is $\frac{300}{1500} \times 100 = 20\%$.In 2018 total is $700 + 500 + 800 = 2000$.Increase from 2017 to 2018 is $200$, so percentage is $\frac{200}{1800} \times 100 = 11\frac{1}{9}\%$.The smallest of these percentages is $11\frac{1}{9}\%$.Answer:$11\frac{1}{9}\%$ (Option B).